The Museo Galileo – Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza promotes the publication of studies and original research on the history of science and technology, and produces catalogues of its collections and its temporary exhibitions.  Special efforts are devoted to publishing newly discovered sources for studies in the history of science.

Two scientific journals of international standing are promoted and edited by the Museo Galileo: the biannual review Nuncius. Journal of the History of Science and the annual publication Galilæana. Journal of Galilean Studies.

From 1985 to 1998, the institute published several volumes of the Bibliografia Italiana di Storia della Scienza [Italian Bibliography of the History of Science], an exhaustive, fundamental example of Italian production in this discipline. Since 1999 the Bibliografia has not been published on paper, but on Internet.

The publications of the Museo Galileo are produced in collaboration with major publishing houses.